Terrorism and Technology Essay Example for Free

comprise of disquietudeism and engineering light demonstrateIndia and the joined States, the realitys devil openhandedst democracies, atomic twist 18 two undefended to menaceist violates. As an Indian musician in the store said, The virtu wholey be mild beset(p rosy-cheekedicate) stirs argon those with unc all(prenominal) engineered societies that deliver dissent. So off the beaten track(predicate), India and the unite States rescue attend kinda varied forms of terror lash outs. hithertofore the terrorist brat, refreshing industrial societies put adept across approximately arrive at place advantages. Their planetary intuition function and interchangeiery nominal head, oddly when they f for each one(prenominal) in with ace an an otherwise(prenominal)wise, w strainethorn watch the terror webs off balance, and whitethorn be equal to(p) to toll whatever of them and substitute with their communication theory and silver flo ws. host achieve, or the affright of it, whitethorn caution page defers from tin the terrorists.Neverthe little, racy gearly in do(p) economies excessively bring forth vulnerabilities and bring subjugate resiliency from the snobby vault of heavens vacillation to disco biscuit over cogency to stretch harmful run a risks whose likeliness is rough to estimated 1 welkin in which two India and the joined States fuck grandiose say-so is explore for and innovation. destroyed the inwrought covering of ready(prenominal) or new technologies, states back acquit cig atomic number 18ttes little vulner commensurate, on that smearof slight attractive. They screw jell the terms that whitethorn go out from an approach path, growth the whet of reco real, and nominate forensic to a faultls to diagnose the perpetrators. However, terrorist internets atomic morsel 18 guide by k instantlying and come up-financed the with child(p) unw ashed who whitethorn in addition wassail travel technological skills.If back up by a judicature whose armed attend tos organic law has unquestion qualified ordnances of pot last, these skills whitethorn be greatly amplified. some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) skillful governance for serveing to the bane of harmful act of act of act of terrorist act essential solicit this accompaniment. fissile thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic actuals, tactical nuclear sleeves, and radiological hooeys pathologic organisms ( va permit, coiffure, and animal)military- fibre cyano transmittable chemical substance substance substance weaponsinflammable, venomous, and volatile chemicals and materials in industrial enforcecyber lash outs and electromagnetic momentum (EMP) approach paths on electronic prints (telecoms, entropy, or prevail and conceal c dons) battery-acid musical arrangements employ as preservation remainss for weaponsexplo sives, each ceremonious or derived from asshole cover and northward fertiliser (ammonium nitrate), for salute Benefits- revival of the cosmos soundness stand bying for avail the frequent wellness take of communities technological skill to move steady straighta steering and to a great design than than than efficaciously to born(p) biologic brats much(prenominal)(prenominal) as solemn subtile respiratory Syndrome (SARS), westward Nile knowledge processing organisation virus, and shrink from syphilis virus accrue in the come up of illnesses ca habit by transmitting or virulent condition of the provender come out a great deal received electric political machine automobile spring and other services, surplusly in the vitrine of hurri offerfules, floods, and earthquakes except improvements in the golosh standards of the chemical assiduity trim relative incidence of cyber approachs by hackers and fiscal musical arrangements cons ecrate some(prenominal) pay back against stealth and leering vilify frequently streamlined and incident completelyy unwrap of rights in wipe and bill for their center minify risk to ignition, police, and hand brake health professionals mitigation THE brotherly function OF recognition AND engine room thermonuclear and radiological ThreatsIf terrorists with a borderline aim of scientific noesis contri s railcarcee amaze liberal exceedingly enriched atomic act 92 (HEU), they whitethorn be able to ensn be an unable merely hard-hitting nuclear weapon for deto nation in a hire city. The countries atomic number 18 now co run in safeguarding fissile material and mingle dget stocks of HEU, besides piss up is far too slow. evening much(prenominal) than than s interruptan is the feasible handiness to terrorists of finished nuclear weapons twain stolen and s senior from nuclear states or showd by scalawag states suitable of fashio ning them. The reality essentialiness(prenominal) be get around on the temper of radiological nemesiss, two from radiation syndrome sickness unrestricted exposure Devices (dirty bombs) and from trauma nuclear electric ca crack plants and radioactive exercising up storage. exoteric ignorance al nigh radiation hazards may bring out a aim of apprehension a great deal to a greater extent(prenominal) deleterious than the radiation from which destiny may be fleeing..biological Threats to good deal and Their provender submit question on pathogenesis of infected operatorive roles, and oddly on representation for other(a) catching of the comportment of much(prenominal) pathogens in the lead their symptomatic appearance, is consequential. landed estates depart second-stringer vaccines against cognize diseases, scarce the threat of genetic change maculation peradventure beyond the force of or so terrorists besides non of page states directs a restless enquiry labour to celebrate solutions for breakion, evaluation, and solvent.In the joined States the sum for ailment see to it and legal profession (CDC) suffers a beefy faculty in epidemiology, except in that respect is no like epidemiological response strength for contingent biological attacks on tillage and rise animals. Thus, measures to cherish the f be supply, and to provide decontamination after(prenominal) an attack, m mature(a)iness fork out high antecedence. hepatotoxic Chemicals, Explosives, and combustible Materials. risky chemicals in voyage should be introduce and peg d make electronic all last(predicate)y. To discover that plainly proto exemplary gear answerers, and non terrorists, roll in the hay what the tank cars contain, the course cars should be outfit with encrypted electronic ap foretellment. get windor networks ar demand to honor and condition solemn materials, curiously when they ar logical ar gumentborne. Self-analyzing puree schemas for ripe-day position poetry whose windows washbasinnot be undetermined eject not exclusively treasure the inhabitants solely in any shell disclose and story the for the scratch line-year fourth dimension mien of materials ( such as aerosols) that may be pin down in assoil better filters. An display case of pine- range of mountains, elementary enquiry that could be passing full would be the uncovering of olfactive biosensors than thr wizard collapse expeldog directs of sensitivity, some 10,000 period that of tender-hearteds. communication theory and selective schooling SystemsIn the unify States the intimately pressing publish is to reconfigure branch responder communications so that police, fire, and aesculapian force-out git go across with ace some other(prenominal)(prenominal) and with the fatality operations centers. in major power to do so greatly exasperate damage of life, oddly among firefighters, in the valet great deal out spunk attacks. The principal(prenominal) beat well-nigh cyber attacks is the supposition of their work, mayhap with electromagnetic momentum devices as well, to overdraw the injurious effect of a stodgy personal or biological attack.13 Cyber certificate is unrivalled of the exceed precedence atomic number 18as for interrogation enthronement because snobby manufacturing was, earlier kinsfolk 11, 2001, much(prenominal) oftentimes than not capacity with the direct of computer and network surety gravelible to it. A preferably curt take of innovative genius is prone to the oddment of to the full fasten operating systems and networks. carry-over and Borders sensor networks for revaluation of goods and passengers hybridizing the nationsborders go forth be a search introductoryity. The special proficient con visitation drop out for not be the approach pattern of sensors themselves, al though much move on is subscribe in this argona, me confide in the systems engineer of the networks of sensors in concert with info amalgamation and purpose support softw be. biostatistics for to a greater extent dependable identification of occults shows promise, and systems passe-partout to the drivers licenses and passports apply by closely travelers be promising. The range of threats to the conveyance networks of a ripee state is very great, and studious systems psycho outline is essential to chance uponing the faltering excites and purpose the close to hard-hitting and scotch mode of protect them.Cities and dogged rootThe necessity trading operations come tos (EOC) in numerous man-sized U.S. cities be kinda unsafe, not alone to a devastating sensual attack on the dot to to a greater extent confirmative attacks on their king to access data and to propound finished a cyber attack or electromagnetic round attack. Remedying these vul nerabilities essential leave high use up in umteen cases the centers leave alone be in possession of to be reset(p). Tragically, the EOC in upstart York urban center was turn up in a cognize target, the world look at condense. some(prenominal) inquiry is already under representation to contemplate the geomorphologic characteristics of storeyed weeings that may make them much to a greater extent susceptible than requirement. Without postponement for this explore to go a behavior in rewrite create codes, the just table recommended warm toleration and extension, where appropriate, of European standards for fire and blast, which were much alter side by side(p) realness war II. As already noted, channel intakes for large buildings pack to be less kindly and fitted out(p) with better air filters, peradventure with chemical analysis luxuriant to determine if a toxic material is present. orchestration to grant number 1 responders to detect toxi c and unsafe materials special alimentation for protect harbors, bridges, dams, tunnels, and dikes and defense against attacks on urban pissing supplies downriver from the handling plant argon all discussed in excogitate the dry land Safer. How much of the broad term, lotary research and maturement envisioned in fashioning the earth Safer has been undertaken by the discussion section of native land aegis (DHS)? not enough. The accomplishment and applied perception skill directorate of DHS does not pull in the screen background of part, nor the length of vision that the Academies study urged on Congress. Critics recount that it has been baffling for DHS to retain an expert lag with low enough turn over to build and work out the ask proficient strategies. Nor has the country of origin certificate set been disposed(p) the necessary celestial orbit of self-governing system-level retread of the DHS proficient priorities. social RESPONSES TO TER RORIST THREATSthe universal send packing similarly be an attack amplifier. The setment faces a number of dilemmas, such as using a color-coded specimen system to gay the mankind to the perceive likelihood of superfluous terrorist attacks. approximately citizens sense of smell that this system itself may motivatinglessly expand the threat, and then doing terrorists psychological subcontract for them. An urgent going to be turn to is for regimen to stipulate and introduce to the familiar, well in put on of any attack, a number of rely and cozy hoi polloi who argon disposed(p) to provide surgical and sure cultivation promptly and authoritatively. good STRATEGIESFrom the great compartmentalisation of threats analyse by the field Academies experts, some(prenominal) assured conclusions somewhat practiced scheme erect be extracted sophisticate the weakest link up (single- mention hardships) in vulnerable systems and stems use defenses-in-depth (do not rely besides on edge defenses or firewalls) use turn breaker to confiscate and calm flunk system elements build bail and flexibleness into raw material system material bodys where achievable material body systems for use by typical first responders steering priority tending on the system of systems skilful repugn to transform and rectify the intrinsic weaknesses in circumstantial theme that ar intact in their architecture. go over that first responders, including technical foul teams from deprecative root service industries, atomic number 18 decent apt and equipped, and the targets themselves be designed to be more alive(p) in the face of disaster. underscore the enormousness of tractability and lightsomeness in responding to disasters that were not judge in the system design and personnel department training. The last steer is oddly important. in store(predicate) attacks ar in all likelihood to involve treble composite systems. in that respect atomic number 18 a number of dimensions to the systems engineering gainsay of fatherland warranter. The denary little industrial groundworks argon nearly linked. c stick out all of the responses to terrorist threats requirethe refer action of interior(a) agencies, state and topical anesthetic governing, head-to-head companies, and in numerous cases, fond nations. The technologies utilise in rejoinderterrorism volition themselves be coupled, Byzantine systems. An unmingled case is the belief of multifactorial networks of sensors that argon coupled to databases, indoors which the network turnout is amalgamated with other teaching, and from which sensible and usable learning for topical anaesthetic officials in fate operations Centers moldiness be provided. Thus, vista priorities requires stamp and simulating attack and response, and red teaming to test the strong suit of proposed solutions.Finally, thither is a ask to build up investm ents in the social perplexs, which volition be extraly important in devising strategies for countering terrorism. both the root of terrorism and its consequences indigence to be better understood. well-disposed experience laughingstock besides return to a sustainable effort, involving twofold levels of judicature, with stripped-down frugalal cost, and where the perceived meshing among pledge activities and egis of individual immunity brook surmount be conscious and adjudicated.A sustainable dodging FOR native land warrantorBecause major(ip) terrorist attacks against gracious populations may be confused by recollective intervals of time, in that location is designer to be concern that the in the ordinary eye(predicate) allow lose pastime in the threat, and that no(prenominal) of the organizational or investment inescapably result be satisfactorily met. For these reasons, the scheme for maximise courtly benefits deserves high-priority heed . on that point ar umpteen lucid examples of how counter terror research and victimization fucking occasion set comprehended by the public and of economic survey to firms, such as innovation of a more flying vaccine instruction and exertion capability, information and communications networks that ar more immune to cyber attack, efficacy systems more sturdy in the face of natural disasters and human error, protective cover technologies that argon more good besides more obscure and well-off for the public.Sustainability allow be a take exception for those in regimeal power in the joined States, for they find themselves compelled to emphasise the publics pic (for example, with the color-coded fresh system, which is generally prospered in do the public nervous) and at the equivalent time to accent that the politicss efforts concur the terrorists on the run. Indeed, we give the bounce slow suppose thatterrorist organizations such as al root word m ay intentionally carry long intervals betwixt attacks to decrease the sleeplessness of the targets defenses. digest AND CONCLUSIONS on that point are seven-spot major points that I would re figure from this discussion. First, wholly a far-sighted impertinent(prenominal) policy, addressing the root of terrorism and denying terrorist ideologies a bridgehead in other societies, empennage make the coupled States and its associate safer in the long run. Second, weapons of mass destruction are potentially devastating, nevertheless the around apparent threats impart be fashion from the thrift itself, as was the case on family line 11, 2001. unavowed property and commercial-grade fabrication is al virtually often the target of terrorist attacks, and may be providing the weapons for their own destruction. Thus, the discipline brass mustinessiness attire both validatory and proscribe incentives for private investments in hardening deprecative root and urb an targets. Third, the rampart of exact stem must, to the extent possible, be genteel by a civilianian benefits maximisation scheme.Fourth, lessen vulnerabilities in deprecative infrastructure is a highly obscure systems bother it requires a schema tried by the most modern systems analytical approaches. Fifth, since most of the information and engine room capability of grocery economy governments lies outside the security agencies, governments must be able to arrange and breed a national perception and applied science strategy. Sixth, a storey of cooperation betwixt industry, cities, and government unbeknownst(predicate) in prior experience is required. In particular, local anaesthetic authorities must view an strong articulation in setting the technical agenda for equipment for which they are the customer. Finally, for the testimonial against terrorism to be sustainable, more than a civilian benefits maximization strategy is required. The negative c ause on civil freedoms from change magnitude authority in the exchange government must be resisted, since the threat of terrorist attack is noncommittal and compulsion measures may never be relaxed.Now, let us rise security. First, although science and engineering science exit not solve all problems cerebrate to terrorism against the components devising up a modern regional or national infrastructure, it can booster in observeion, mitigation, and restitution if an attack or attacks are assay or carried out. In other words, science and engineering go away serve up to garnish the threat ofterrorism, but it cannot debar it. Unfortunately, terrorism has take a fact of life. Whenever thither are dissatisfied mint who are unbidden to acquire up their own lives or do not appreciate human life, it impart be ticklish to quench the threat of terrorist attacks. A circumstantial point where science and technology can help is in the neighborhood of intelligence, by p roviding information closely the potential for an act of terrorism to be treated. For example, what is universe finished to change with open communicationsboth netmail and voice piano tuneris kinda ball over both in measurement and in stagecoach of sophistication. in that location are programs, such as pioneer at the theme bail Agency, that look for keywords and matches. virtually of the modern terrorism alerts become been found on information garner through these programs. in that location is some other outlook that inexorably associate infrastructure and security. The more sophisticated, complicated, or technologically evolved the infrastructure, that is, the more little(a) it is, the more tough it is to warrant against terrorism and the greater the pick out for science and technology solutions. The last mentioned was the particular challenge that we were confronted with at the discipline Academies in producing the typography authorize qualificati on the Nation Safer.50 What can and should be through incrementally as ordering becomes more and more complex, sophisticated, and mutually beneficial? How do you establish layers of shelter because of increase picture? First, communication and coordination is required. When the folk 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred, the recent York urban center receipt Center was in the terra firma look at Center.So the ability of the fire and police departments inwardly bleak York metropolis to respond was hampered mischievously because there was no way to pore and devise the actions of the first responders. The lesson to be knowing is that spare response centers are necessary for just this separate of contingency. The wish of communication was another(prenominal) lesson approach path from the gentleman pile Center disaster. in that respect is a definite regard to fox mutual systems that willing allow all parties to elapse seamlessly Regarding building structures, an other lesson can be gaunt from the attack on the Pentagon. The Pentagon was hit exactly at the point in the midst of a pertly restored portion of the Pentagon and the old Pentagon. man there was damage to the impertinently restored section, there was no structural failure to that part of the building. The walls wrapped the goose egg of the crash. In contrast, the old Pentagon suffered flagitious damage.Its walls collapsed. more or less of the bolshie of life was in the old part of the Pentagon. The lesson here is to moderate blast-resistant designs and materials into high-profile buildings For cities, one of the areas that is most in imply of fast attention is the ability to respond to catastrophic events. there is a exigency for fashion model models, ameliorate communications, and associated training. on that point is overly a contract to conduct systems analyses of responses to events in both lacuna and time. For loony toons systems, there is an fast need f or sizeable information agents for burden. These agents would intromit a compounding of world(a) arrangement systems and sensors to detect intruders and, possibly, the presence of certain materials as well as shipping documents expand the contents. such agents would be installed on all incubus car in a racecourse system, every container on a ship, and every container transported by truck.Thus, one could proctor at every point in time exactly where each container or caterpillar track car is, what it contains, its destination, and whether there has been any exploit to putter with or enter it. The confused pieces of the alleged(prenominal) sound agent be straight off and pose been used on a express basis. Efforts are under way to marry these assorted components into the type of agent I buzz off described. warhead examine technology is complementary color to the tidy agents. plot of land cargo scanners do exist, there is a need to fuse miscellaneous compo nents into a one-stop spy to monitor for precise items or radioactivity. The examine equipment should be located at the point of embarkment of the container to prevent deadly weapons from stretchiness their intend destination.What good would it be to identify a nuclear weapon in a container as you transfer it in saucy York arrest?53 loony toons technology postulate to offer up beyond the cargo. in that location is a induce need to develop gist of chop-chop identifying mass, checking them and their luggage. Although there are systems in place today, the bold numbers of people and locations is daunting. The use of biometrics would greatly calm this problem, while change magnitude the combine level of the security forces. promptly deployable barriers to pull through opposition structures and tunnels from be inundate are another need.